What is the consequence of criminal misconduct for a member?

The correct answer is expulsion. In the context of professional organizations and associations, criminal misconduct is typically treated as a serious offense. When a member engages in such behavior, the governing bodies of these organizations have the authority to protect their reputation and uphold ethical standards by terminating the membership of that individual. Expulsion serves as a strong deterrent, signaling to others the seriousness of maintaining integrity within the professional community.

Suspension, probation, and written warnings are more lenient forms of disciplinary action that may be applied for lesser infractions or non-criminal conduct. These measures allow for a member to correct their behavior or demonstrate a willingness to adhere to the organization's standards over time. However, in cases of criminal misconduct, expulsion is deemed necessary to maintain the organization's integrity and ensure that all members adhere to the highest ethical standards.